One of the most notable was the firm of H P Goode and Philpott of Haverfordwest who worked in Pembrokeshire, Glamorganshire, Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire on a total of 126 apportionments. While most of them had a very local sphere of activity, others worked over several counties. 305 valuers and surveyors worked in Wales. The landowners appointed the valuers and surveyors usually after placing advertisements in the local press. Users should be cautious when details of field-names and land use are studied because they could be repeating information about an older landscape that had already changed by the time the Tithe Map was being prepared. Field-names and land use are most often recorded where the tithe documents are prepared from existing surveys. Surveyors and valuers were instructed by the landowners to apportion by holding rather than by individual field in order to keep costs down. Likewise not all maps give details of land use or record the names of individual fields. A little over half of the Welsh schedules give details of tithe rent-charge on each field/enclosure. All give details of landowners and occupiers but some give details for holdings only, and not for individual fields. Not all schedules are uniformly detailed. state of cultivation of each tithe area.The tithe apportionment schedules follow a more rigid formula and are usually set out on standard forms containing columns for the. Some maps were simply enlargements of the Ordnance Survey One-inch maps. Llangeitho, Cardiganshire (1:7,920) and Nantglyn, Denbighshire (1:21,120). These second-class maps vary in scale and quality there are some at the prescribed scale of 3 chains to the inch which for some reason were not sealed as first-class maps while others are little more than topographical sketches and of no value for information about property boundaries, e.g. The remainder were simply certified as being the documents on which the tithe rent-charge apportionment was based. In Wales only 50 of 1,091 were sealed as first-class maps, mostly for Districts in Monmouthshire or Breconshire. The Tithe Commissioners refused their seal to inferior plans. Those maps that met the standard were called first-class plans and received a seal from the Tithe Commissioners. Many of these maps were compiled from existing estate maps and involved very little new surveying. Unfortunately, this was not adopted, because the landowners had to pay the costs of the survey and many were unwilling, especially if they already had estate plans that could do the job.Īmending legislation had to be passed in 1837 permitting the presentation of less accurate maps, often on a smaller scale. This was drawn up by one of the Assistant Commissioners, Lieutenant R K Dawson of the Ordnance Survey, and was intended to be at the scale of 3 chains to the inch (1:2,376) with a standardised set of symbols. XLI 405) for the mapping proved to be over-ambitious. The first specification (British Parliamentary Papers, Session 1837, Vol. More than 200 different surveyors worked in Wales. The accuracy of the maps depended on the skill of the local surveyors employed on the task. The Tithe Maps & Schedules The tithe maps Repertory of Welsh Manuscripts and Scribes.Black, Asian and Ethnically Diverse Collections.A History of Black People in Wales, Britain and beyond.Its ‘big ships’ – mainly destroyers, minesweepers and requisitioned merchant vessels with naval crews – crossed to Dunkirk time and time again, without rest, and suffered terrible losses.
And the role of the Royal Navy, especially its destroyers, was paramount in the operation. In fact, over two-thirds (239,465) reached safety via the mole, while 98,761 were rescued from the beaches. Many also took troops back across the Channel themselves.īut it’s a common misconception that the little ships evacuated most of the men. By 31 May, hundreds of civilian vessels – from fishing smacks and cockle boats to lifeboats and sailing barges – had answered the Royal Navy’s call for help and crossed the English Channel to Dunkirk.Ĭrewed mainly by volunteers, these tiny vessels bravely and repeatedly picked up soldiers queuing patiently on the beaches and in the water, and ferried them out to the waiting larger ships, under severe attack from German aircraft and artillery. Ramsay and his team quickly realised that small boats would be able to get close to the beach and ferry the troops out to larger ships. The little ships played an important part in the evacuation.
What did the ‘Little Ships’ do during the evacuation from Dunkirk?
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